IGI Global is an independent academic publisher founded in 1988, with headquarters in Pennsylvania and offices in New York and Beijing. With over 1,000 books released annually and a portfolio of nearly 200 open access journals, IGI Global is a leading source of peer-reviewed research in Business, STM (Science, Technology, and Medicine), and Education. The publisher operates on a fast 6–9 month editorial cycle and partners with over 200,000 scholars from across the globe. IGI Global is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and is committed to ethical publishing, diversity, and academic rigor over profit.